In the Trump administration’s arguments defending his order to suspend birthright citizenship, the Justice Department called into question the citizenship of Native Americans born in the United States under the 14th Amendment, citing 19th-century law that excluded Native Americans from birthright citizenship.

A U.S. veteran and Navajo residents have been asked for identification. Critics are complaining of racial profiling as raids and deportations increase.

Trump’s recognition of the Lumbee has been condemned by the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians, who also inhabit North Carolina and have argued for more than a century that the Lumbee are not a tribe but a “self-identifying” mixed-race group that has little ancestral and cultural connection.